State Reform School, 1895 Report
From birchyHistory
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | 2nd Annual Report (1895) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Staff== | ||
Supervising Board | Supervising Board | ||
*Governor, John E. Rickards, Helena | *Governor, John E. Rickards, Helena | ||
Line 33: | Line 36: | ||
*Miss [[Mary McGovern]] | *Miss [[Mary McGovern]] | ||
+ | ==Residents== | ||
{| | {| | ||
− | |Status||Boys||Girls||Both | + | |'''Status'''||'''Boys'''||'''Girls'''||'''Both''' |
|- | |- | ||
|Number on roll December 1, 1895||43||7 | |Number on roll December 1, 1895||43||7 | ||
Line 52: | Line 56: | ||
|Whole number enrolled|| || ||64|| | |Whole number enrolled|| || ||64|| | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |'''Age'''||'''Boys'''||'''Girls''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eight||9||2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Nine||2|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ten||2||1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eleven||3|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Twelve||1|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Thirteen||4||1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Fourteen||6|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Fifteen||2||3 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Sixteen||3|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Seventeen||9|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eighteen||3|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Nineteen||3|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Twenty||1|| | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Those committed this year were for the crime of— | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |'''Offense'''||'''Boys'''||'''Girls''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Burglary||4|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Forgery||1|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Grand Larceny||4|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Incorrigibility||10||1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Petit Tiarceny||4|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rape||1|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Vagrancy||4||1 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Projects== | ||
The year just closed has been a very busy one. Beside doing the regular work of the institution we have: | The year just closed has been a very busy one. Beside doing the regular work of the institution we have: | ||
* erected a brick '''barn''' 40'x80' two stories high. In this are stalls for nine horses and nine cows, two box stalls for young stock, one crib, one feed room, one harness room and two rooms for the boys and officers and sufficient mow room for eighty tons of hay. | * erected a brick '''barn''' 40'x80' two stories high. In this are stalls for nine horses and nine cows, two box stalls for young stock, one crib, one feed room, one harness room and two rooms for the boys and officers and sufficient mow room for eighty tons of hay. | ||
Line 74: | Line 129: | ||
us to get a larger and better building for the money appropriated. | us to get a larger and better building for the money appropriated. | ||
− | == | + | ==Description of the school== |
The farm consists of one hundred acres located 1.25 | The farm consists of one hundred acres located 1.25 | ||
sixty acres of the farm were purchased the 26th of | sixty acres of the farm were purchased the 26th of | ||
Line 88: | Line 143: | ||
The institution is lighted throughout with electricity furnished | The institution is lighted throughout with electricity furnished | ||
by the Electric Light and Water Co., of Miles City. | by the Electric Light and Water Co., of Miles City. | ||
+ | |||
===Root cellar=== | ===Root cellar=== | ||
This magnificent cellar has been binned so as to allow fresh | This magnificent cellar has been binned so as to allow fresh | ||
Line 93: | Line 149: | ||
for all the vegetables the school can consume during the | for all the vegetables the school can consume during the | ||
year. | year. | ||
+ | |||
===Lawns=== | ===Lawns=== | ||
Last spring we planted one hundred American | Last spring we planted one hundred American | ||
− | elm, one hundred Lombardy Poplar, fifty Balm | + | elm, one hundred Lombardy Poplar, fifty Balm Gillead, |
− | two | + | two hundred native cottonwood, one hundred and fifty assorted |
− | + | fruit trees and the per cent of loss was small, not to exceed one | |
dozen trees. | dozen trees. | ||
− | I have tried transplanting | + | |
− | I could learn of, | + | I have tried transplanting the native pines in every position, |
− | saved seventeen out of | + | I could learn of, and at all times of the year, but have only |
+ | saved seventeen out of seven hundred and fifty transplanted, | ||
these were dug up while the ground was frozen and hauled in | these were dug up while the ground was frozen and hauled in | ||
− | + | with two feet of earth frozen to the roots, this I think is the | |
best way to get them to live, yet I lost so many that were treated | best way to get them to live, yet I lost so many that were treated | ||
− | so that 1 am not certain and have about given | + | so that 1 am not certain and have about given up all hope |
of getting them to live in this soil. | of getting them to live in this soil. | ||
+ | |||
===Orchard=== | ===Orchard=== | ||
− | This consists of over three | + | This consists of over three hundred assorted fruit trees, they |
− | have made a rapid growth and the | + | have made a rapid growth and the prospect for an orchard is |
good. The soil around each one was thoroughly soaked just | good. The soil around each one was thoroughly soaked just | ||
before the cold weather set in and we believe this will save the | before the cold weather set in and we believe this will save the | ||
− | trees | + | trees from heaving during the thaws and freezes in the spring. |
+ | |||
===Garden=== | ===Garden=== | ||
This has been an exceptionally bad season for this work yet | This has been an exceptionally bad season for this work yet | ||
we have succeeded in raising enough vegetables for our use. | we have succeeded in raising enough vegetables for our use. | ||
Currants and gooseberries, those that were planted one year | Currants and gooseberries, those that were planted one year | ||
− | ago made an excellent growth | + | ago made an excellent growth and to these have been added |
− | five hundred of each, | + | five hundred of each, and in two years they will produce all the |
− | school can | + | school can consume. |
Strawberries, last fall a part of the patch was covered with | Strawberries, last fall a part of the patch was covered with | ||
− | the | + | the very best stable manure and the balance with tomato vines. |
− | + | Those covered so carefully with manure died, while the ones | |
− | covered with vines lived and made a | + | covered with vines lived and made a good stooling this season. |
+ | |||
====Products==== | ====Products==== | ||
− | Asparagus, from two year old roots | + | Asparagus, from two year old roots |
Beans, green | Beans, green | ||
Beans, dry | Beans, dry | ||
Line 135: | Line 196: | ||
Carrots, stock | Carrots, stock | ||
Celery | Celery | ||
− | Corn, roasting ears | + | Corn, roasting ears |
(lorn, dried | (lorn, dried | ||
Corn, Brown Madura. | Corn, Brown Madura. | ||
Line 201: | Line 262: | ||
85,000 " | 85,000 " | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
====Inventory of garden tools==== | ====Inventory of garden tools==== | ||
Hoes 34 | Hoes 34 | ||
Mattocks 15 | Mattocks 15 | ||
Mower, Lawn 1 | Mower, Lawn 1 | ||
− | Rakes | + | Rakes 20 |
Shovels 19 | Shovels 19 | ||
Scoops 3 | Scoops 3 | ||
− | Spades | + | Spades 24 |
Drill 1 | Drill 1 | ||
− | ====Inventory of carpentry tools | + | |
+ | ===Farm=== | ||
+ | ====Farm products==== | ||
+ | Corn, Frozpn September 14 21,000 lbs | ||
+ | Fodder 45,000 lbs | ||
+ | Oats 40,000 lbs | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Inventory of farm implements==== | ||
+ | Sulky Breaking Plow 1 | ||
+ | Stubble Plow 1 | ||
+ | Disc Harrow 1 | ||
+ | Tooth Harrow 1 | ||
+ | Single cultivator 2 | ||
+ | Double Shovel Plow 1 | ||
+ | Cutting box 1 | ||
+ | Road Wagons 3 | ||
+ | Spring Wagons 1 | ||
+ | Double Harness, heavy 3.5 sets | ||
+ | Double Harness, light 1 set | ||
+ | Buggy Harness 1 | ||
+ | Saddle 1 | ||
+ | Bridle 1 | ||
+ | Horse blankets 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Livestock==== | ||
+ | Horses 7 | ||
+ | Cows, dry 2 | ||
+ | Cows, giving milk 6 | ||
+ | Heifers, two years old 2 | ||
+ | Calves, weanlings 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | HOGS. | ||
+ | Brood Sows 9 | ||
+ | Hogs, 200 pounds 2 | ||
+ | Shoats, 50-70 pounds 19 | ||
+ | Shoats, 30-40 pounds 4 | ||
+ | Suckling Pigs 8 | ||
+ | Boar 1 | ||
+ | Total 41 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inventory of carpentry tools=== | ||
Axe 1 | Axe 1 | ||
Brace 1 | Brace 1 | ||
− | Bitts | + | Bitts 7 |
Bar 1 | Bar 1 | ||
Drawing Knife 1 | Drawing Knife 1 | ||
Chisel 2 | Chisel 2 | ||
− | Hammers | + | Hammers 6 |
Hatchets 1 | Hatchets 1 | ||
Hand-axe 2 | Hand-axe 2 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | == | + | ==Schools== |
− | To give | + | To give the larger boys the full benefit of masonry and carpentry |
− | they were | + | they were detained from school to finish the brick work |
− | but now | + | but now that that work has been completed all arc assigned to |
− | school and arc | + | school and arc studying to make up for the time spent at their |
− | + | trade. They attend as last year one half of each day and are | |
− | + | employed at different work the other half. | |
The laundry work is yet being- done in the small room in | The laundry work is yet being- done in the small room in | ||
− | tended for a pantry, Mrs. Eva Humphrey had charge of this | + | tended for a pantry, Mrs. Eva Humphrey had charge of this department during the year and although she worked under very |
− | + | ||
great disadvantages the work was satisfactory, but I hope | great disadvantages the work was satisfactory, but I hope | ||
− | before another year to | + | before another year to have better accommodations for laundry |
work. | work. | ||
− | Miss May McGovern | + | Miss May McGovern has charge of the kitchen and with the |
− | help of four | + | help of four boys does the baking and cooking for the entire |
school. The range becoming too small for the increased number | school. The range becoming too small for the increased number | ||
− | of children forced | + | of children forced us to purchase a Bakers oven. This is |
− | being set up, and will | + | being set up, and will lightcn the work. |
− | + | ||
+ | ==Discipline / Security== | ||
I am pleased to state the discipline of the school is good. | I am pleased to state the discipline of the school is good. | ||
The boys and girls realize the necessity of good order and each | The boys and girls realize the necessity of good order and each | ||
strive to excel the other in good behavior. One boy who expected | strive to excel the other in good behavior. One boy who expected | ||
− | to be released in three weeks, for some | + | to be released in three weeks, for some unknown reason, |
made his escape. He was (by his right age) over twenty-three | made his escape. He was (by his right age) over twenty-three | ||
years old, so no reward was offered for him. | years old, so no reward was offered for him. | ||
− | == | + | |
− | There | + | ==Health== |
+ | There has been very little sickness and no contagions disease | ||
amongst us. The ladies of the school make it their duty to | amongst us. The ladies of the school make it their duty to | ||
give their mother's treatment to each ailing one and they are | give their mother's treatment to each ailing one and they are | ||
soon at their regular duties. | soon at their regular duties. | ||
− | == | + | |
− | + | ==Recommendations== | |
− | acres, this is just one-sixth as much as it should be, with more | + | #More land, the farm now consists of one hundred acres, this is just one-sixth as much as it should be, with more land we could raise hay, corn and oats enough for our stock and it would enable us to raise more hogs, cattle and sheep, thereby making us more self supporting. |
− | land we could raise hay, corn and oats enough for our stock | + | #A good dairy, there is nothing better for growing children than plenty of good milk, this we can not have until our farm is enlarged. |
− | and it would enable us to raise more hogs, cattle and sheep, | + | #Cold storage, we are in sore need of some place where we can keep our meat, butter and milk. |
− | thereby making us more self supporting. | + | #Bath Boom, "cleanliness is next to godliness," a school can not prosper without the bath room. I hope we will be able to build a good room for the plunge and spray bath in connection with our intended Boiler House. |
− | + | #A system of dry closets, sewerage to the river, which is nearly two miles away, would be very expensive and I suggest you investigate the "Dry Closet System," and urge our next legislative assembly to appropriate for that purpose. | |
− | children than plenty of good milk, this we can not have until | + | #Dynamo. It will be a saving to the state and of great benefit to our boys if we could generate our own electricity. It would pay for itself in three years, beside giving the boys a chance to learn that trade. |
− | our farm is enlarged. | + | #Printing. This is the most valuable trade from an educational standpoint that can be introduced into a Reform School. Boys learn punctuation, capitalization and composition faster at the printer's case than in a school room and for the educational advantages I hope we can introduce the trade the coming year. |
− | + | #Fencing. All fences are in poor condition, enough lumber, for the north line fence, has been ordered, but we need a good fence in front of the school and cross fences. | |
− | we can keep our meat, butter and milk. | + | |
− | + | I return my grateful thanks to my faithful employees who | |
− | school can not prosper without the bath room. I hope we | + | |
− | + | ||
− | in connection with our intended Boiler House. | + | |
− | + | ||
− | is nearly two miles away, would be very expensive and I | + | |
− | + | ||
− | next legislative assembly to appropriate for that purpose. | + | |
− | + | ||
− | benefit to our boys if we | + | |
− | would pay for itself in three years, beside giving the | + | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | faster at the | + | |
− | for the educational advantages I hope | + | |
− | trade the coming year. | + | |
− | + | ||
− | lumber, for the north line fence, has been ordered, but we need | + | |
− | a good fence in front of the school and cross fences. | + | |
− | + | ||
have labored earnestly for fourteen hours each day in their | have labored earnestly for fourteen hours each day in their | ||
efforts to reform the erring ones under their care, and to the | efforts to reform the erring ones under their care, and to the | ||
− | press of Miles City | + | press of Miles City and other cities of the state for kindly notices and support. To the christian people of the state for |
− | + | magazines and papers sent us. And to you Hon. Trustees for | |
− | magazines and | + | the support you have given me and mine at all times and the |
− | the | + | confidence you have in our management of the School. |
− | confidence you have in our management of | + | |
− | Very | + | Very respectfully, |
− | A. J. | + | A. J. HYLTON, |
− | + | Director |