View source for State Reform School
Jump to:
navigation
,
search
[[Image:ReformSchool_MainBldg_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Main building, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Chapel_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Chapel, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_WoodworkingShop_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Woodworking shop, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_ShoeShop_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Shoe shop, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_TailorShop_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Tailor shop, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Band_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Band, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Garden_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Garden, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Field&Garden_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Garden and field, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Corn&Millet_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Millet and corn field, c. 1910]] [[Image:ReformSchool_Herefords_1912.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Herefords, c. 1910]] [[Image:Reform School c1915.jpg|400px|right|thumb|c. 1915]] [[Image:reformSchool1914.jpg|400px|right|thumb|c. 1915]] [[Image:State Reform School2.jpg|400px|right|thumb]] [[Image:State Reform School Boys Bldg.jpg|400px|right|thumb]] [[Image:ReformSchool_c1908.jpg|400px|right|thumb|c. 1908]] The '''State Reform School''' in [[Miles City, Montana]] has been Montana'a only juvenile detention facility for boys (also girls at first) and still operates as "Pine Hills Youth Correctional Facility", although for most of its latter existence was called the "Pine Hill School for Boys". Established in 1893, the school was some one to two miles east of [[Miles City, Montana]]. Now Miles City has grown to include the school as part of it's eastern edge. The school began as the Montana State Reform School, so named because it was believed that the duty of the school was to "reform" the juveniles sent there. The Superintendent's report to the Governor for the year 1900 notes that "We realize that this institution is not maintained for punishment, restraint, or limitation of privileges; but for reformation and the cultivation and development of the good lying dormant in the boys' and girls' natures." ==Creation== The '''State Reform School''' was established in March of 1893 with the signing of House Bill #184 (Senate Bill 4) by the Governor of Montana, the Honorable [[J.E. Rickards]]. The State Reform School was the first building and institution built under the newly formed State of Montana. A man from Lewis and Clark county had introduced the bill providing for the State Reform School; but he was so careless in writing it that he forgot to mention a place for it's existence. There were very few sites proposed for the Reform School because most towns were more interested in institutions such as the agricultural college. Miles City representatives put up quite a fight for the agricultural college too, but the other representatives felt that the Miles City area was not suitable for growing anything. This theory was to be disputed not only by farmers of the area, but also by the school itself. The [[Yellowstone Journal]] noted in it's [[March 15, 1894]] issue that the Miles City representatives wanted a state institution so badly, that "...a spasm of generosity swept over the house, and its members, counseling among themselves, said 'Let us throw this Reform School bone to the Miles City dog, who is growling at our heels, and so shut his mouth." Upon passing of the bill giving the Reform School to Miles City, a $25,000 appropriation was passed to allow for the start of the school. In a bit of payback, although Miles City got the least wanted institution, because it was appropriated separately and first, when the general bill was passed for the other institutions, there wasn't any money left in the budget to build them, so those towns had to wait to build, while Miles City started right away. On [[1 Mar 1893]], the Governor signed Senate Bill No. 4, commonly known as the Reform School Law, and in four weeks appointed Miles citizens [[J.W. Strevell]], [[C.R. Middleton]], and [[H.B. Wiley]] as the first set of trustees of the school. On [[1 Apr 1893]], the trustees took their offices, and filed a bond of $10,000 each for performance of their duties. Quite a hefty sum for those days. On [[6 Apr 1893]], the trustees held their first meeting at the offices of [[Strevell and Porter]], drew lots for the mandated staggered terms (Strevell got 2 years, Middleton 3 years and Wiley 4 years). They elected Strevell as president and Wiley as secretary. After reviewing the law and its provisions, they opted to nail down financing first. Middleton went to Helena and found there was no ready cash available until at least the first of the next year. Private parties declined to take up the warrants. He met with Gov. [[Rickards]], who by this time had determined that the school fund (presumably funded by lease and sale of lands granted to the state by the federal government - some 40-50,000 acres for the Reform School alone) could be used to buy up the warrants and make the entire $25,000 appropriation immediately available. Meanwhile, [[G. M. Miles]], [[C. H. Loud]] and [[William Courtney]] were invited by the board to help decide which parcel of land the city should donate to the institution. Under consideration were lands owned by Miles, [[W. E. Savage]], [[John Kimes]], Dr. [[E. F. Fish]], the [[Frederick Billings]] estate and the Northern Pacific. Wiley was instructed to secure options on as many of these as possible for 30 days. At the [[24 Apr 1893]] meeting, Wiley reported success on the lands of Fish, Miles and Savage. After examining the various pros and cons, the Fish property was selected because of the fertility of the land, nearness to the irrigation ditch (which still exists), gradual slope to the Yellowstone River and location from town. [[6 May 1893]] Meeting held Saturday afternoon at the court house about selecting a site for the town to purchase for the new [[State Reform School]]. The recommendation was to buy 40 acres owned by Dr. E. F. Fish, directly south of Tom Savage's place. It was decided to solicit subscriptions to raise the funds. Dr. Fish has already pledged $100 if his property is selected. The [[Chamber of Commerce]] quickly raised the funds to buy the land (40 acres; S 1/2 of the N 1/2 of the NW 1/4 of Section 35) from Edmund F. Fish and wife and transfer the deed to the state of Montana. The architect [[E. T. Carr]] prepared two plans for a building. No decision came until [[26 Jun 1893]] when it was decided to build two buildings, a larger one at first for boys and girls, and a smaller one for girls later, the larger one using the freed space for growth. Carr was chosen as supervising architect, [[Bennett & Peck Heating and Ventilating]] of Cincinnatti was awarded a contract for supplying a hot air system for the building. Wiley was instructed to advertise for construction bids, which appeared in the [[28 Jun 1893]] issue of the [[Yellowstone Journal]]. By [[8 Jul 1893]] Wiley began advertising for bids to supply "150,000-500,000 brick at the kiln; 200-600 perch of good quality building stone, delivered; 1000-2000 cu ft of dimension rock during the months of August, September or October." Bids were due [[20 Jul 1893]]. The next day ([[27 Jun 1893]]), they met and decided to hire [[O. C. Beck]] to drill an artesian well. Beck had the equipment to do so and his offer of a good flow at the cost of $1.25 per foot was accepted. The next day ([[28 Jun 1893]]), they met on the site and determined locations for the main building, a barn and the well. In July the well boring began and when they finished at 544 feet, a good supply filled a 4 inch pipe. A couple of details meetings were held in July, but nothing major occurred with the board until the [[28 Jul 1893]] when the sealed construction bids were opened as follows: {| |[[M. J. McCune]]||$19,100 |- |[[J. W. Shackleton]]||$18,747 |- |[[Donovan & Son]]||$18,503 |- |[[Guy & White]]||$17,500 |- |[[Larsen & Smith]]||$17,010 |- |[[Maples & Stuart]]||$15,765 (but board had to furnish brick, rough rock and electric wiring) |- |} On 3 Aug 1893]], the bid was awarded to Larsen & Smith, the board reserving the right to not finish the third floor (a right not exercised), with the proviso that the contractor could be paid monthly up to 85% of each month's completed work (as estimated by the architect). On [[6 Oct 1893]] the subcontractor [[John Leonard]] broke ground and began removing 4000 cu. yards of dirt, creating 50x100 foot 11 foot deep hole. (They would later have trouble keeping water out of the completed basement after irrigation began.) [[O. F. Rogers]] then brought in masons who built a two foot thick foundation wall of stone. Using brick from [[Samuel Stone]] and [[William McMahon]], the outer walls went up. Carpenters added the rest of the structure. By the time cold weather arrived, it was 55 feet higher than the basement floor, the tin shingle roof was done, the doors and windows were in and the heating plant (5 furnaces, 4 operational; 25 cords of wood, with supplemental coal) was operational, allowing the plasterers to work. In 90 days, by [[6 Jan 1894]], all but a few finishing touches were done. On [[18 Oct 1893]] Larsen & Smith received an additional contract to build the barn (brick, 20x24 feet, with 14 foot walls) for $700. It was later reported to be 18x30'. Strevell was directed to enter into an irrigation contract with the [[Miles City Irrigating and Ditch Company]]. A few days later, they determined to make a contract with the [[Miles City Water and Electric Company]] to furnish 100 incandescent lights with wiring. In November, 11 people had applied for the director's position. Selection was deferred to allow time to investigate their qualifications. *[[J. C. Van Etten]], Elmire, NY *[[B. A. Davis]], Red Wing, MN *[[David Heap]], San Jose, CA *[[T. H. Benton]], Springfield, MA *[[A. J. Hylton]], Plainfield, IL *[[G. A. Merrill]], San Francisco, CA *[[B. F. Moore]], Boston, MA *[[C. W. Seyde]], Miles City, MT *[[Austin Dilts]], Clear Creek, MT *[[W. S. D. Smith]], Helena, MT *[[F. G. Kraege]], Waukesha, WI In mid-December, area newspapers reported that the school would be ready to receive inmates no later than [[1 Feb 1894}]. On [[12 Jan 1894]], Gov. Rickards came to town and met with the board. They inspected the completed building, tested the heating. He was given a financial statement, showing that $20,000 had been spent, another $2,000 was owed, another $2,000 would be needed for furnishings, leaving only $1,000 of the original appropriation. They needed an additional $10,000 to $12,000 to maintain the school until another appropriation could be made, so they agreed to borrow the money, 1/4 from [[First National Bank of Miles City]] (of which Strevell and Wiley were directors) and the rest from Helena Banks. The Governor took the deed to the land with him and the board insured the building for $18,000. On [[22 Jan 1894]], A. J. Hylton (assistant superintendent the Plainfield, IN reformatory) was selected as director due to his endorsements and he telegraphed back that he would report in ten days, which he did ([[2 Feb 1894]]). A farewell reception was given in his honor the night of Wednesday, [[31 Jan 1894]] where he was given a gold watch, chain and charm. The local paper reported that all present including all 515 boy inmates cried as though their hearts would break. The board inspected the building on [[24 Jan 1894]] and accepted the work. They then commissioned the same builder to erect an ice house for $270 and another outbuilding for $248, both of frame construction. The ice house ended up being 18'x24' with a capacity of 100 tons of ice. On [[26 Jan 1894]], area newspapers reported that the school would be ready to receive inmates about [[1 Mar 1894}]. By [[23 Feb 1894]], newspapers were reporting the correct date as 16 Mar 1894. After Hylton arrived, he helped select and order the furniture. On opening day [[15 Mar 1894]], Larsen and Smith were about to finish the 12'x20', 8' high outhouse. (Why didn't they build this first?!) Upon completion, the following materials were used. * 418,000 bricks * 120,000 feet of lumber (in 12 cars) * 435 perch of stone * 3 cars of Ashler trimming stone from [[Billings]] (probably stone quarried by the new prison being built in Biilings) * 4 cars of lime * 85 windows With the additions buildings and some minor changes from the original plans, the final cost went from $17,010 to $19,500. According to the Yellowstone Journal, the building was drawing attention from passers by, and "People began to point with pride to Montana's first state building..." noting "It (was) not fancy in design, but (was) built for durability, comfort, and convenience, being ornamented only enough to relieve monotony." Planning for the dedication was performed by the [[Miles City Chamber of Commerce]] with [[H. M. Moran]], [[H. W. McIntire]], [[C. H. Loud]], [[A. T. Campbell]] and [[W. A. Jordan]] in charge of subcommittees. Moran was in charge of invitations and was assisted by [J. B. Collins], [G. W. Allerton], [L. A. Hoffman] and [C. R. Middleton] resulting in 500 engraved invitations sent out over the state. McIntire was in charge of speakers and was assisted by [J. W. Strevell] and [Sam Gordon]. Campbell was in charge of the banquet and was assisted by [C. S. Whitney], [J. S. Truscott], [W. W. Alderson], [F. A. Lisk], [Mrs Whitney], [Mrs. Potter], [Mrs. McIntire], [Mrs. J. S. Towers], [Mrs. Middleton], [Mrs Edgar Campbell], [Miss Bessie Allerton], [Miss Lottie Allerton], [Mrs. McGurk], [Miss Ada M. Bennett], [Mrs. H. B. Wiley] and [Mrs. J. M. Holt]. Jordan was in charge of the ball and was assisted by [Edward Butler], [E. B. Babcock], [Edward Holt] and [Harry Allerton]. (Not sure what Loud was in charge of.) The governor signed his proclamation formally declaring the Montana Reform School open for inmates on [[March 14, 1894]]. And on Wednesday March 15, the State Reform School was dedicated to the people of the state in grand fashion. The event featured a reception, a banquet and a ball. The reception included such important speakers as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Mr. J.W. Strevell, and the Governor himself. Even though the day was anything but nice, having the typical Eastern Montana winter of rain, snow, and mud, about 260 people arrived to take in such talents as the [[Fort Keogh]] fourteen piece band and the [[Billings male quartet]] ([[George M. Hayes]], [[M. G. Mains]], [[Charles Burton]]& [[Harry Allen]]). People began arriving at 7 pm, were allowed into the building at 8pm to chat and tour the building. The dedication was well received, and the Journal noted that "[[Prof. Reichardt]]'s orchestra amused them with dancing until the roosters began to crow - a fitting end to the greatest of Miles City's events." At the banquet (which started at 10pm), Toastmast H. W. McIntire announced the blessing by Rev. [[T. Scott Miller]]. The meal included oysters, turkeys, salads, ices, cakes and fruits. It was washed down with [Al Campbell]]'s coffee. Attendees included (from Helena) Gov. and Mrs. Rickards, Secretary [[Rotwitt]], Attorney General [[Haskell]], Col. and Mrs. [[Sanders]], [[E. W. Knight]], Hon. [[Thomas H. Carter]], [[H. M. Parchen]], [[T. A. Marlow]], [[E. B. Wenrick]], [[A. J. Seligman]], ex-Auditor [[Woolman]], [[David Marks]], [[E. W. Bach]], [[Col. Curtis]], [[Henry Klein]], [[R. C. Wallace]] and [[Col. Fiske]]. From Deer Lodge: [[J. B. Losee]] and [[Edward Burke]], legislators that worked on the appropriations bill. From Billings: [[Paul McCormick]], [[J. S. Matheson]], [[E. S. Becker]] plus the quartet. Other areas: [[Doc Hersey]] of the [[Anaconda Standard]], [[Mrs. H. D. O'Brien]] from Custer, [[C. W. Butler]] and [[J. C. Auld]] from [[Glendive]], Hon. [[J. R. McKay]] and his wife from their ranch. From [[Fort Keogh]]: [[Col. Page]], [[Capt. Ketchum]], [[Capt. Webster]], [[Capt. Kell]], [[Lt. Jones]], [[Lt. Godfrey]], [[Lt. Marshall]], [[Lt. Wassell]], [[Lt. Hambright]], [[Lt. Wolfe]], [[Mrs. Wassell]], [[Mrs. Page]], [[Miss Page]] and [[William Page]]. The quartet sang the Lord's Prayer after the invocation, "The Old Oaken Bucket" and "Farewell, Soldier" after the Governor's address and "Come Where the Lilies Bloom" after Col. Sander's address. Strevell gave the welcome speech and Tom Carter told jokes trying to segue between the topics of politicians and reform schools. Col. Page added a patriotic session, AG Haskell joked on the topic of the Criminal Class, Col. Sanders reminisced, Judge Milburn wished the new director the best and E. W. Knight Sr. closed with some light comments about "The Ladies". Around midnight, the dancing began courtesy of the Fort Keogh band. At least some of the out of town guests, if not all, were afforded free hotel accomodations for the evening. The Billings guests found their bills marked paid when they stepped up to [[Capt. Savage]]'s desk at the [[Macqueen House]]. On [[April 15, 1894]], the first student arrived at the school. It was expected, according to the 1900 Superintendent's report, that the school have no unactive boys and girls because it was felt "The old adage was never more true than now, 'Satan finds some mischief still for idle hands to do.'" It was also noted in the report that the school supplied "for the boys' and girls' tireless energy, a proper channel for it's development and use." To accomplish this goal, the students were employed in various duties to help with the management of the farm, caring for the buildings and grounds, and the "domestic labor" of the school. A large portion of the boys were kept busy during the spring and summer months planting, hoeing, and caring for the crops; also handling and caring for livestock. The boys also got practical work in laundry, boiler house, and kitchen. The Great Falls weekly Tribune reported on the 20th of April that a [[William Edwards]] had been found guilty of altering a check from $4 to $14 and sentenced to the Reform School. The May 10 issue of the Philipsburg Mail reports that 20 years old Joseph D. Shelton was committed to the school for forgery and 18 year old John E. J. Ney was committed for grand larceny. May 26th, two "hoboes" in Billings were convicted of burglarizing [[J. J. Nickey]]'s home, the younger, 19 year old John McCarthy, sentenced to the Reform School. Butte sheriff Reynolds delivered his second youth ([[John Hanley]]) to the Reform School in June. His bill to the state for delivering the first youth was $164. The Omaha Daily Bee reported [[23 Jun 1894]] that the Reform School had 13 inmates. [[24 Jun 1894]] Great Falls sent Frank McCay, who stole a bolt of cloth from [[J. L. Gelsthorpe]]. [[30 Jun 1894]] two escapees, 20 year old [[George Shields]] and 18 year old [[Charles Robinson]], on the run for a week, were caught at [[Mingusville]], arrested by [[C. B. Towers]] and [[Charles O'Neal]] and transported to Glendive by team to await return to Miles City. [[5 Aug 1894]] 14 year old [[Claude Stork]] was sentenced. He had turned himself in, having accidently caused a huge grass fire, after receiving a probation for grand larceny and running away from the family farm and returning. He said that he dropped a match while trying to light his pipe while driving a team. Fearing the wrath of his father and their neighbors, he fled to be jailed in Great Falls. He unhitched one horse, rode it to Great Falls, turned it lose, and walked the final stage into town. In August, George Peabody, an "incorrigible kid" was sentenced. At its inaugeration, the planned schedule was: * 4:45 am (5:30 in the winter) wake up * 6 am (6:30 in winter) breakfast * 7 am start work (or school) * 15 min recess at 9am * 11 am Lunch * 1 pm resume work (or school) * 15 min recess at 3pm * 5 pm Lunch * play (weather permitting) until bedtime * 7:30 pm, bed [[12 May 1894]] Besides the Hyltons, staff included [[Mr. Holloway]] and [[Mr. Pherson]]. One inmate was added today, bringing the total to 12 (9 boys, 3 girls). It is implied that the 3 girls are more orphans than delinquents. A team broke its single-tree yesterday and became frightened and ran away. They were soon stopped, but one of the horses received quite severe injuries. ==The main building== * First Floor: entered by descending a few stairs (due to grading around the building) into a hallway. Workrooms on the left and right. The right workroom contains in the rear a washroom, with hot and cold water. A large force pump was used to fill a large tank in the garrett above the third floor from the artesian well. This was where those who needed discipline were sent to operate the pump. In the rear of the left room was the officer's dining room. At the end of the hall double doors lead into the 50' wide, 25' deep general dining room with 6 tables (10 persons per table). In the SE corner is the kitchen with a 1500 lb range made by [[John Van & Co.[[ of Cincinnatti, OH. The kitchen had a tank and a pump as well. The laundry was south of the kitchen and a two tub bathroom lay between the laundry and the dining room. * Second floor: A balcony/porch occupies the front. A hallway opens onto officer's quarters, the first two on the right being the office and private room of the director (and his wife). On the left are three separate rooms for the other officers. At the end of the hall, the back half of floor is a 50'x50' assembly room, lit by windows during the day and 6 groups of 3 lights by night. * Third Floor: As below, a hallway offers access to class rooms on the right and left, the south side holding 20 desks for older students, the north side having 30 desks for younger students. Each has a smaller room at the back, for storage, etc. Down the hall is the 50'x50' dormitory, containing 50 beds. * The Garrett: planned to contain a workshop, allowed access to the roof, from a cupola, with a flagstaff and a great view of the valley. ==Later years== A Christmas program was performed by all 35 inmates [[25 Dec 1894]] as reported in the [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075022/1894-12-27/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1836&index=1&date2=1922&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=A+Hylton+J&proxdistance=50&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=a.+j.+hylton&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Yellowstone Journal]. By late 1896, reports reached Helena unfavorable towards the Hyltons. Excessive corporal punishment, and general criticism of their management were alleged. In a summary report by the governor in [[30 March 1897]], based upon personal investigation conducted [[20 March 1897]] he found that money had been well spent. He found that charges of cruelty were overstated, but that corporal punishment had been too severe and non-discriminating, and non-conducive to reforming children, calling it "unjust and cruel". He found the children reasonably fed, healthy and clean, although better sewage was still needed. He felt that education had not been stressed as much as it should. Whipping at times were too severe and other punishments not described were characterized as worth disapproval by everyone. He found that the couple were "domineering and petulant and directed matters without any prescribed rules or regulated periods". He found that no employees were willing to commend the couple and noted that there had been a high rate of employee turnover. He felt that the Trustees had taken the Director's version of events a little too much, carefully couching it in terms of it being understandable to favor the top in the interest of maintaining discipline in a tough situation. [[Frank J. Cass]] was a teacher at The Reform School from 1900- about 1905. The girls were kept busy with the task of making all their own and the boys' clothing and keeping them in repair. The girls did all the cooking for the Director and Matron, lady officers and themselves. The girls' work was changed each month to allow them to learn a wide variety of tasks designed to help them in society after they were released. In March of 1920, a vocational school for girls was started outside Helena. Now named Mountain View School, the school only housed girls, and the last girl was transferred from the Reform School on [[February 11, 1921]]. In 1900, the school had 100 acres of land, and in the Superintendent's report, the school was asking for the purchase of 40 more acres. The land was put to good use to raise vegetables, fruit, and cattle for meat. The school usually raised enough food for their own consumption during the year. The land also contained an orchard, which the report stated was "In a healthy condition, gooseberry, currant and raspberry bushes enough to furnish goodly supply of fruit." To keep up with academics, the boys would go to school in the morning hours, and the girls in the afternoon. When not in school during the day, the students would work at their assigned jobs on campus. In 1945, the school joined the Montana High School Association, and membership obtained in the District 4 Class "C" competition. Troop #46 of the Boy Scouts was also started at this time. In the mid 1970's the school quit competing in 4-"C" competition due to problems of having a full team the whole season with boys being released all the time. The unfortunate team name of "Beavers" was gratefully retired. About 1908, notorious arsenist, killer, rapist and burglar Carl Panzram was arrested in Butte, Montana, for burglary and received a sentence of one year in the Montana State Reform School at Miles City . His stay was relatively short, murdering another inmate shortly after his arrival and escaping within the year. The name was changed by the state legislature to "Montana State Industrial School" on [[15 March 1915]], 21 years into its existance. In 1935, Henry Zorn was executed for killing an employee of Pine Hills. One of the most famous kids to attend was a notorious serial killer in the 20th century, [[Carl Panzram]]. The Custer County Cemetery Index for the Pine Hills Cemetery lists the following burials: *[[Henry D. Welsh]], Date of Admission 9-12-1896. Death 11-6-1896. *[[George Buchanen]], Date of Admission 10-3-1896, Death 11-6-1896. *[[Alice Bell]], Date of Admission 3-31-1896; Date of Death 11-26-1896. *[[Davy John Williams]], Date of Admission 6-30-1897, Death 9-4-1904. *[[William Mckinley Busby]] was buried there in 5/29/1915 *[[James Murphy]], Date of Admission 5-30-1921; Death 9-3-1921. *[[William Wall]], Date of Admission 9-11-1924 to 6-1-1926, Previously released and returned 7-1-1927. Date of Death 5-13-1929. *[[Steve Fredmanski]], Date of Admission 8-9-1931, Death 7-24-1934. A note on this page states that the information is provided by the Reverend Lester Payne and Don Pering. Also, although the cemetery is located behind the present school, the markers no longer exist, replaced by a group marker. Alarms would go off when there was an escapee? [[KATL]] would send out emergency bulletins to lock your cars and doors. A book, "To Speak Of Love Was Not Enough" A Biography of Daniel and Panayiota McCorkle. Reverend McCorkle was a Presbyterian Minister at the Presbyterian Church in Conrad, MT. He also served as General Secretary of the Montana Welfare Assoc. and member of the Governor Bonner's Interim Committee for Mental Health. In March of 1951 he visited the Montana State Industrial School at Miles City for six days. His report is pretty tough to read..one teacher likened the place to being as bad as "any Nazi concentration camp". Control by terror. Really quite an expose' which did lead to many changes. Over the years, the school has had many name changes also. Starting out as the Reform School, in 1935 the name was changed to the State Industrial School to reflect the training received there. In the 1950's the name was changed to Pine Hills School for Boys. == Directors == * 1894-1897 [[A. J. Hylton]] (wife [[Helen R. Hylton]] was matron) resigned after committee of state legislature accused him of abuses and the governor confirmed them to a degree. * 1897-1899+ [[B. C. White]] (wife was matron) * - 1904 + [[J. B. Hawkins]] director, [[Mrs. F. M. Kreidler]] matron == Trustees == On April 1, 1893 the trustees took their offices, and filed a bond of $10,000 each for performance of their duties. 1894-???? * [[J. W. Strevell]] President (1894-1899) * [[C. K. Middleton]] (1894-1896); [[John S. Truscott]] (1896-1900) * [[H. B. Wiley]] (1894-1897); [[J. B. Hawkins]] Secretary (1897-1901) == Funding == As for most state institutions, 50,000 acres were set aside as a grant to fund the Reform School at some point. This process was partially completed in 1897. Leases generated $42.50 in 1897, $1348 in 1898. Total revenues for 1896-1898 from state lands for the reform school was $10,480. Most of this was disbursed to the school: $3753 (1897), $6575 (1898). == Life at the school == The school ran a winter and a summer menu in 1912. Breakfast was oat meal mash alternated with corn meal mash, and one of: corn bread, wheat bread, toast or bisquits, plus coffee. Tuesday added "graham gems", Thursday added hot cakes and syrup, and Sundays added coffee cake. Summer lunch was roast pork Mon-Thu, roast veal Fri-Sun. Vegetable was either potatoes, turnips, or cabbage with "green corn" added Sun-Wed. There would usually be bread and some kind of gravy, including "cod fish gravy" on Mon. Dessert may have been bread, cottage, rice, Graham, or Tapioca pudding, or waternelon in late summer, or apple pie on Sundays. Winter lunch had fried pork for every day except Sundays, which had ham and eggs. Most days served mashed potatoes and gravy (pork gravy obviously), bread and gravy or both. The extra item was either bread soup (or pea soup) with crackers, sauerkraut, baked beans, or turnips and pickles. Winter lunch desert was the same as summers. Supper only had meat on Sundays, sliced ham in the summer, cold roast pork leftovers in the winter. Main course was either stewed beans, baked beans, green corn, boiled rice, mac and cheese or mac and tomatoes (spaghetti?). Carbs were often cinnamon rolls, but also included ginger bread, cookies, bread and butter, ginger cake and on Sundays, white or other regular cake. Dessert (besides sweet carbs above) was either apple, peach or prune sauce. While coffee was served at breakfast, tea was the supper drink. Presumably, water and milk were available at most meals. Two years later, pork and veal had been replaced by beef and mutton. ==Economic Impact== To many, giving Miles City the reform school, was considered "giving the dog a bone" (compared to the State prison or insane asylum, perhaps). But, over the years, the outside dollars brought economic stability, through direct employment for a dozen or so locals and an expanded customer base which allowed merchants to stock inventory at a level above what the locals could support. Although most histories of the school mention that it was "self-supporting", growing/raising most of its own food, at least in the early years, a lot of the food came from local merchants. In 1897, total budget was about $16,600, which in today's terms is about $450.000. <table><tr><td valign="top" width="40%"> This table lists those who received payments from the Reform School from Dec 1895 to Nov 1896. <table style="padding: 0 15px"> <tr><td>Paid to</td><td align='right'>Amt</td><td>2013 dollars</td><td># pymts + date range</td></tr> <tr><td>[[A. J. Hylton]]</td><td align='right'>$1,375 </td><td align='right'>($37,345 )</td><td>11 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. A. J. Hylton]]</td><td align='right'>$550 </td><td align='right'>($14,938 )</td><td>11 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. B. Jordan]]</td><td align='right'>$1,980 </td><td align='right'>($53,778 )</td><td>10 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[McIntire Merc. Co]]</td><td align='right'>$896 </td><td align='right'>($24,328 )</td><td>10 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[P. S. Malvaney]]</td><td align='right'>$395 </td><td align='right'>($10,737 )</td><td>10 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Eva Humphrey]]</td><td align='right'>$383 </td><td align='right'>($10,389 )</td><td>10 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Katherine Kniselia]]</td><td align='right'>$282 </td><td align='right'>($7,666 )</td><td>9 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Thos. Gibb]]</td><td align='right'>$435 </td><td align='right'>($11,824 )</td><td>8 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mary McGovern]]</td><td align='right'>$396 </td><td align='right'>($10,746 )</td><td>8 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Robert N. Wilcox]]</td><td align='right'>$360 </td><td align='right'>($9,778 )</td><td>8 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Miles City Prov. Co]]</td><td align='right'>$335 </td><td align='right'>($9,111 )</td><td>8 pymts (Jan-Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Alexander Samson]]</td><td align='right'>$263 </td><td align='right'>($7,134 )</td><td>8 pymts (Feb-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Emily Kennedy]]</td><td align='right'>$194 </td><td align='right'>($5,255 )</td><td>8 pymts (Jan-Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Miles, Strevell & Ulmer]]</td><td align='right'>$476 </td><td align='right'>($12,931 )</td><td>6 pymts (Nov-Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. K. Davis]]</td><td align='right'>$330 </td><td align='right'>($8,963 )</td><td>6 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Albert W. Baker]]</td><td align='right'>$220 </td><td align='right'>($5,975 )</td><td>6 pymts (Jan-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[N. P. Sorenson]]</td><td align='right'>$103 </td><td align='right'>($2,810 )</td><td>6 pymts (Jan-Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[L. C. Harmon, Rec.]]</td><td align='right'>$318 </td><td align='right'>($8,636 )</td><td>5 pymts (Jan-Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. E. Savage]]</td><td align='right'>$198 </td><td align='right'>($5,370 )</td><td>5 pymts (Jun-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[First National Bank]]</td><td align='right'>$153 </td><td align='right'>($4,166 )</td><td>5 pymts (Feb-Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[C. B. Tower Merc. Co.]]</td><td align='right'>$104 </td><td align='right'>($2,815 )</td><td>5 pymts (Jan-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Ryan Hdw. Co]]</td><td align='right'>$420 </td><td align='right'>($11,409 )</td><td>4 pymts (Jan-Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[City of Miles City]]</td><td align='right'>$289 </td><td align='right'>($7,849 )</td><td>4 pymts (Aug-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. W. Laney & Co.]]</td><td align='right'>$270 </td><td align='right'>($7,333 )</td><td>4 pymts (Sep-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. B. Beeson]]</td><td align='right'>$159 </td><td align='right'>($4,309 )</td><td>4 pymts (Feb-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Ella H. Hood]]</td><td align='right'>$194 </td><td align='right'>($5,269 )</td><td>3 pymts (Jan-Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. W. Cook]]</td><td align='right'>$119 </td><td align='right'>($3,218 )</td><td>3 pymts (Aug-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Jack Davis]]</td><td align='right'>$83 </td><td align='right'>($2,245 )</td><td>3 pymts (Jun-Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Finistrow & Coggshell]]</td><td align='right'>$58 </td><td align='right'>($1,582 )</td><td>3 pymts (Jul-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles May]]</td><td align='right'>$45 </td><td align='right'>($1,222 )</td><td>3 pymts (Aug-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Minnie Darnell]]</td><td align='right'>$94 </td><td align='right'>($2,557 )</td><td>2 pymts (Oct-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James George]]</td><td align='right'>$93 </td><td align='right'>($2,535 )</td><td>2 pymts (Jan-Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. B. Garver]]</td><td align='right'>$92 </td><td align='right'>($2,489 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[T. A. Mapes]]</td><td align='right'>$86 </td><td align='right'>($2,322 )</td><td>2 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Myrtle Humphrey]]</td><td align='right'>$72 </td><td align='right'>($1,947 )</td><td>2 pymts (Aug-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. O. Cody]]</td><td align='right'>$71 </td><td align='right'>($1,933 )</td><td>2 pymts (Jun-Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Luella Conner]]</td><td align='right'>$59 </td><td align='right'>($1,589 )</td><td>2 pymts (Jun-Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[L. W. Stacy & Co]]</td><td align='right'>$54 </td><td align='right'>($1,471 )</td><td>2 pymts (May-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Annie Olson]]</td><td align='right'>$52 </td><td align='right'>($1,403 )</td><td>2 pymts (Mar-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Anna Ross]]</td><td align='right'>$48 </td><td align='right'>($1,297 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles Brown]]</td><td align='right'>$48 </td><td align='right'>($1,290 )</td><td>2 pymts (Aug-Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Leveridge & Thurman]]</td><td align='right'>$9 </td><td align='right'>($244 )</td><td>2 pymts (Mar-Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Dole & McKay]]</td><td align='right'>$435 </td><td align='right'>($11,815 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Simpkins Mfg. Co]]</td><td align='right'>$325 </td><td align='right'>($8,827 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[F. M. Schwartz]]</td><td align='right'>$293 </td><td align='right'>($7,944 )</td><td>1 pymts (Mar)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Wm. N. Haynes]]</td><td align='right'>$219 </td><td align='right'>($5,957 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Snell & Carter]]</td><td align='right'>$170 </td><td align='right'>($4,606 )</td><td>1 pymts (Mar)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[King Bros. & Co.]]</td><td align='right'>$153 </td><td align='right'>($4,143 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Leonard]]</td><td align='right'>$126 </td><td align='right'>($3,419 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Shell & Carder]]</td><td align='right'>$105 </td><td align='right'>($2,852 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[H. W. Buckbee]]</td><td align='right'>$90 </td><td align='right'>($2,438 )</td><td>1 pymts (Mar)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. R. Davis]]</td><td align='right'>$90 </td><td align='right'>($2,437 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. W. Strevell]]</td><td align='right'>$85 </td><td align='right'>($2,309 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[H. B. Wiley]]</td><td align='right'>$70 </td><td align='right'>($1,901 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[C. H. Middleton]]</td><td align='right'>$65 </td><td align='right'>($1,765 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[F. W. Stein]]</td><td align='right'>$57 </td><td align='right'>($1,539 )</td><td>1 pymts (Dec '95)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[R. N. Wilson]]</td><td align='right'>$52 </td><td align='right'>($1,409 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. B. Gower]]</td><td align='right'>$40 </td><td align='right'>($1,086 )</td><td>1 pymts (Mar)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Darnell]]</td><td align='right'>$39 </td><td align='right'>($1,059 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[M. E. Vance]]</td><td align='right'>$35 </td><td align='right'>($951 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. M. A. Holmes]]</td><td align='right'>$34 </td><td align='right'>($931 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. W. Andrus]], M. D.</td><td align='right'>$33 </td><td align='right'>($896 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. M. H. Howe]]</td><td align='right'>$31 </td><td align='right'>($840 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James Welsh]]</td><td align='right'>$28 </td><td align='right'>($774 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[State Pub. Co.]]</td><td align='right'>$28 </td><td align='right'>($760 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[C. J. Smith]]</td><td align='right'>$28 </td><td align='right'>($752 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Lydia Osterbrink]]</td><td align='right'>$27 </td><td align='right'>($728 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Gibbs Hall & Bateman]]</td><td align='right'>$22 </td><td align='right'>($587 )</td><td>1 pymts (Nov)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. W. Hatch]]</td><td align='right'>$22 </td><td align='right'>($587 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jan)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Butler & Potter]]</td><td align='right'>$21 </td><td align='right'>($570 )</td><td>1 pymts (Feb)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Samlin]]</td><td align='right'>$20 </td><td align='right'>($543 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[M. Kenher]]</td><td align='right'>$20 </td><td align='right'>($536 )</td><td>1 pymts (Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[T. J. Wilson]]</td><td align='right'>$19 </td><td align='right'>($511 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jan)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Bronson Machine Co.]]</td><td align='right'>$16 </td><td align='right'>($433 )</td><td>1 pymts (Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[C. E. Haynes]]</td><td align='right'>$13 </td><td align='right'>($356 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Wm F. Goggin]]</td><td align='right'>$13 </td><td align='right'>($340 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[I. Orschel & Bro]]</td><td align='right'>$11 </td><td align='right'>($285 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jan)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Eveleen Kenneny]]</td><td align='right'>$10 </td><td align='right'>($272 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[T. J. Riley]]</td><td align='right'>$8 </td><td align='right'>($204 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jan)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. H. Thompson]]</td><td align='right'>$6 </td><td align='right'>($163 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Ed. Arnold]]</td><td align='right'>$5 </td><td align='right'>($136 )</td><td>1 pymts (Mar)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. W. Watson]]</td><td align='right'>$5 </td><td align='right'>($136)</td><td>1 pymts (Sep)</td></tr> </table> </td> <td valign="top" width="60%"> This table lists those who received payments from the Reform School from Dec 1896 to Oct 1897. <table style="padding: 0 15px"> <tr><td>Paid to</td><td>Purchased</td><td align='right'>Amt</td><td>2013 dollars</td><td># pymts + date range</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. W. Cook]]</td><td>Foreman, Head farmer, Overseer</td><td align='right'> $450 </td><td align='right'>($12,150 )</td><td>7 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Darnell]]</td><td>Night watch, Teamster</td><td align='right'> $450 </td><td align='right'>($12,150 )</td><td>7 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Minnie Darnell]]</td><td>Nurse, Seamstress, Services</td><td align='right'> $431 </td><td align='right'>($11,624 )</td><td>7 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. P. Duffy]]</td><td>Engineer</td><td align='right'> $429 </td><td align='right'>($11,583 )</td><td>7 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Annie Olson]]</td><td>Cook</td><td align='right'> $292 </td><td align='right'>($7,884 )</td><td>7 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Lakin & Westfall]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $801 </td><td align='right'>($21,616 )</td><td>6 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[King Bros. & Co.]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $500 </td><td align='right'>($13,488 )</td><td>6 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. K. Davis]]</td><td>Supt. Farm, Supt. Irrigation, Gardener, Farmer, Foreman, Services</td><td align='right'> $323 </td><td align='right'>($8,712 )</td><td>6 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Ryan Hdw. Co]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $191 </td><td align='right'>($5,145 )</td><td>6 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John E. deCarle]]</td><td>Salary and expense secty</td><td align='right'> $92 </td><td align='right'>($2,484 )</td><td>6 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. B. Jordan]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $1,329 </td><td align='right'>($35,895 )</td><td>5 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[City of Miles City]]</td><td>Lights, Light and fixtures</td><td align='right'> $627 </td><td align='right'>($16,938 )</td><td>5 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[B. C. White]]</td><td>Director</td><td align='right'> $625 </td><td align='right'>($16,875 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Miles City Prov. Co.]]</td><td>Meats, Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $330 </td><td align='right'>($8,910 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. B. C. White]]</td><td>Matron</td><td align='right'> $238 </td><td align='right'>($6,435 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Fred Christopher]]</td><td>Cook, Services</td><td align='right'> $200 </td><td align='right'>($5,400 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Joseph C. Smith]]</td><td>Overseer, Night watch</td><td align='right'> $185 </td><td align='right'>($4,996 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. J. Foster]]</td><td>Laundress</td><td align='right'> $133 </td><td align='right'>($3,591 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Gus H. Nash]]</td><td>Overseer, Services, Supt. Dining room</td><td align='right'> $111 </td><td align='right'>($2,995 )</td><td>5 pymts (Aug-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[McIntire Mer. Co.]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $909 </td><td align='right'>($24,548 )</td><td>4 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Maples & Stuart]]</td><td>Lumber, Lumber and material</td><td align='right'> $689 </td><td align='right'>($18,595 )</td><td>4 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[C. B. Tower Mercantile Co.]]</td><td>Merchandise, Repairs</td><td align='right'> $51 </td><td align='right'>($1,389 )</td><td>4 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. W. Andrus]]</td><td>Medical attendance</td><td align='right'> $1,082 </td><td align='right'>($29,214 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. W. Laney & Bro.]]</td><td>Merchandise, Meats</td><td align='right'> $582 </td><td align='right'>($15,721 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. E. Savage]]</td><td>Drugs, Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $308 </td><td align='right'>($8,310 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Miles & Ulmer]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $271 </td><td align='right'>($7,324 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Samuel Bateman]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $132 </td><td align='right'>($3,562 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Annie Stromgren]]</td><td>Seamstress, Cook</td><td align='right'> $126 </td><td align='right'>($3,414 )</td><td>3 pymts (Jun-Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[T. A. Mapes]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $72 </td><td align='right'>($1,956 )</td><td>3 pymts (Jul-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[N. P. Sorenson]]</td><td>Blacksmithing</td><td align='right'> $64 </td><td align='right'>($1,739 )</td><td>3 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Gibbs, Hall & Bateman]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $871 </td><td align='right'>($23,529 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[A. J. Hylton]]</td><td>Director</td><td align='right'> $500 </td><td align='right'>($13,500 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[R. G. Redd]]</td><td>Medical attendance</td><td align='right'> $245 </td><td align='right'>($6,615 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-Dec)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. A. J. Hylton]]</td><td>Matron</td><td align='right'> $200 </td><td align='right'>($5,400 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Lena Olson]]</td><td>Cook</td><td align='right'> $175 </td><td align='right'>($4,725 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[A. W. Baker]]</td><td>Night watch</td><td align='right'> $157 </td><td align='right'>($4,248 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Lydia Osterbrink]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $140 </td><td align='right'>($3,780 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Calumet Tea & Coffee Co.]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $120 </td><td align='right'>($3,228 )</td><td>2 pymts (Jul-Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James Kinney]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $113 </td><td align='right'>($3,052 )</td><td>2 pymts (Jul-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[H. B. Wiley]]</td><td>Attendance, Per diem & expenses</td><td align='right'> $95 </td><td align='right'>($2,565 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[1st Nat. Bank, Miles City]]</td><td>Expense advanced</td><td align='right'> $54 </td><td align='right'>($1,467 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-Dec)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. B. Hawkins]]</td><td>Services</td><td align='right'> $40 </td><td align='right'>($1,080 )</td><td>2 pymts (Apr-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Larsen & Smith]]</td><td>Building paper, Lumber</td><td align='right'> $25 </td><td align='right'>($676 )</td><td>2 pymts (May-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Eva Humphrey]]</td><td>Laundress, Seamstress</td><td align='right'> $25 </td><td align='right'>($671 )</td><td>2 pymts (Oct-Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles Brown]]</td><td>Livery</td><td align='right'> $5 </td><td align='right'>($135 )</td><td>2 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Abram Hall]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $255 </td><td align='right'>($6,876 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. B. Johnston]]</td><td>Carpenter work</td><td align='right'> $207 </td><td align='right'>($5,576 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[P. S. Mulvaney]]</td><td>Officer</td><td align='right'> $172 </td><td align='right'>($4,644 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[H. N. Gilmore]]</td><td>Hay and oats</td><td align='right'> $141 </td><td align='right'>($3,800 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mrs. C. B. Rae]]</td><td>Nurse and laundress</td><td align='right'> $105 </td><td align='right'>($2,835 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Robert Ridgeway]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $87 </td><td align='right'>($2,349 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. C. Haynes]]</td><td>Hay and potatoes</td><td align='right'> $75 </td><td align='right'>($2,032 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[A. ?. Campbell & Co.]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $73 </td><td align='right'>($1,979 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Culley & Lewis]]</td><td>Plumbing</td><td align='right'> $62 </td><td align='right'>($1,679 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James Kennedy]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $61 </td><td align='right'>($1,653 )</td><td>1 pymts (Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. R. Maples]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $60 </td><td align='right'>($1,620 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[H. W. Buckbee]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $60 </td><td align='right'>($1,615 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Gus Livernash]]</td><td>Services</td><td align='right'> $50 </td><td align='right'>($1,350 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles B. Eslep]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $45 </td><td align='right'>($1,215 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles Everett]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $40 </td><td align='right'>($1,080 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John C. Smith]]</td><td>Services</td><td align='right'> $40 </td><td align='right'>($1,080 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[L. W. Parker]]</td><td>Services</td><td align='right'> $25 </td><td align='right'>($678 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James Walsh]]</td><td>Services</td><td align='right'> $25 </td><td align='right'>($675 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Mary Grover]]</td><td>Hay</td><td align='right'> $21 </td><td align='right'>($557 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Thomas Gibbs]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $20 </td><td align='right'>($540 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Samlen]]</td><td>Services as cook</td><td align='right'> $20 </td><td align='right'>($540 )</td><td>1 pymts (Dec)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[George Sheets]]</td><td>Surveying</td><td align='right'> $20 </td><td align='right'>($540 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Helena Independent]]</td><td>Subscription</td><td align='right'> $14 </td><td align='right'>($382 )</td><td>1 pymts (Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Furstnow & Coggshall]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $14 </td><td align='right'>($371 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[John Kraus]]</td><td>Engineer</td><td align='right'> $12 </td><td align='right'>($324 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Charles Leuver]]</td><td>Saddle</td><td align='right'> $12 </td><td align='right'>($324 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Butler & Potter]]</td><td>Letterheads</td><td align='right'> $10 </td><td align='right'>($267 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[James J. Walker]]</td><td>Teacher</td><td align='right'> $9 </td><td align='right'>($243 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Thurnman & Wilson]]</td><td>Team</td><td align='right'> $8 </td><td align='right'>($216 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[D. E. Lloyd]]</td><td>Coal</td><td align='right'> $7 </td><td align='right'>($181 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jun)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. G. Hyde]]</td><td>Overseer</td><td align='right'> $7 </td><td align='right'>($180 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. Gibbson]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $7 </td><td align='right'>($180 )</td><td>1 pymts (Jul)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Eveleen Kennedy]]</td><td>Typewriter</td><td align='right'> $6 </td><td align='right'>($173 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[E. N. Overton]]</td><td>Engineer</td><td align='right'> $6 </td><td align='right'>($162 )</td><td>1 pymts (Oct)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. C. Jackson]]</td><td>Oranges</td><td align='right'> $6 </td><td align='right'>($149 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[L. W. Stacy & Co]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $5 </td><td align='right'>($136 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[J. A. Miner]]</td><td>Merchandise</td><td align='right'> $4 </td><td align='right'>($97 )</td><td>1 pymts (Sep)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[W. F. Milard]]</td><td>Iron sign</td><td align='right'> $3 </td><td align='right'>($81 )</td><td>1 pymts (Apr)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[L. M. Hayden]]</td><td>Plumbing</td><td align='right'> $3 </td><td align='right'>($74 )</td><td>1 pymts (Aug)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Fruit Grower Pub. Co.]]</td><td>Subscription</td><td align='right'> $2 </td><td align='right'>($41 )</td><td>1 pymts (May-May)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Henry C. Smith]]</td><td>Alarm clock</td><td align='right'> $2 </td><td align='right'>($41 )</td><td>1 pymts (May)</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table> In 1895, a spending authorization passed to reimburse: * First National Bank $2,328.36 (about $62,000 in today's values) for operating loans extended to the school from February to December 1894. * Montana National Bank, Helena, $2,947.45 * American National Bank, Helena, $1856.16 * Merchants National Bank, Helena, $2973.28 * Helena National Bank, Helena, $2037.06 (These were approved in late Feb - early Mar, but by mid-March, there not being enough money in the State Treasury to pay them, another bill was passed to pay them all the interest (6% = $359.09 on $12,142.31 loaned) * $700 ($19,000) to Larsen & Smith for building a stable * Thomas Salverson, 76.97 Richard L. Clark, 27.00 J. W. Howarth, 35.00 N. P. Sorenson, 9.75 E. Inglett, 7.75 A. B. Lindberg, 21.75 In 1899, a spending authorization passed to catch up some unpaid bills for the previous three years. For some reason, very few payments were made in Sept 1896, including the payroll. Perhaps this took care of it, but if so, it must have been tough to wait 3 years to receive an entire month's wages. No payments are listed in the regular reports for Dec 1896, or for Nov, Dec and half of Oct 1987. Note that the Hyltons were replaced in May 1897, so this appropriation contained two months of wages for each about 2 years after they stopped working for the school. <table> <tr><td> A. J. Hylton </td><td> $250.00 </td><td>( $6,790.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Mrs. A. J. Hylton </td><td> $100.00 </td><td>( $2,716.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Miles City Water & Electric Light Depts </td><td> $53.00 </td><td>( $1,439.48 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Kessler Brick & Sewer Pipe Works </td><td> $1,410.95 </td><td>( $38,321.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> W. H. Bullard </td><td> $13.00 </td><td>( $353.08 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Dr. R. G. Redd </td><td> $7.00 </td><td>( $190.12 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Grey Beck </td><td> $14.25 </td><td>( $387.03 )</td></tr> <tr><td> W. S.Gilmore </td><td> $2.25 </td><td>( $61.11 )</td></tr> <tr><td> B. C. White </td><td> $125.00 </td><td>( $3,395.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Mrs. B. C. White </td><td> $50.00 </td><td>( $1,358.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> W. S. Batchelor </td><td> $40.00 </td><td>( $1,086.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> John Krause </td><td> $40.00 </td><td>( $1,086.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> P. S. Malvaney </td><td> $45.00 </td><td>( $1,222.20 )</td></tr> <tr><td> J. P. Duffy </td><td> $50.00 </td><td>( $1,358.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Clarence Elswick </td><td> $40.00 </td><td>( $1,086.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Mrs. N. A. Caster </td><td> $35.00 </td><td>( $950.60 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Fred Christopher </td><td> $45.00 </td><td>( $1,222.20 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Clark Dickenson </td><td> $50.00 </td><td>( $1,358.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Permanent University Fund </td><td> $3,853.14 </td><td>( $104,651.28 )</td></tr> <tr><td> M. Ella Savage </td><td> $35.00 </td><td>( $950.60 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Mrs. D. S. Shy </td><td> $30.00 </td><td>( $814.80 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Mrs. Fannie Dinsmore </td><td> $40.00 </td><td>( $1,086.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> John W. Strevell </td><td> $20.00 </td><td>( $543.20 )</td></tr> <tr><td> John S. Truscott </td><td> $20.00 </td><td>( $543.20 )</td></tr> <tr><td> J. B. Hawkins </td><td> $25.00 </td><td>( $679.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> B. K. Holt Meat Co. </td><td> $54.14 </td><td>( $1,470.44 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Truscott & Harmon </td><td> $32.28 </td><td>( $876.72 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Lakin, Westfall & Co. </td><td> $26.81 </td><td>( $728.16 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Wm. Courtney </td><td> $205.00 </td><td>( $5,567.80 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Schwartz & Riley </td><td> $405.00 </td><td>( $10,999.80 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Abram Hall </td><td> $188.57 </td><td>( $5,121.56 )</td></tr> <tr><td> F. Orschel & Co. </td><td> $10.95 </td><td>( $297.40 )</td></tr> <tr><td> W. E. Savage </td><td> $28.75 </td><td>( $780.85 )</td></tr> <tr><td> McIntire Mercantile Co. </td><td> $29.99 </td><td>( $814.53 )</td></tr> <tr><td> City of Miles City </td><td> $75.00 </td><td>( $2,037.00 )</td></tr> <tr><td> W. B. Jordan & Son </td><td> $228.02 </td><td>( $6,193.02 )</td></tr> <tr><td> King Bros. & Co. </td><td> $7.00 </td><td>( $190.12 )</td></tr> <tr><td> Armour Packing Co. </td><td> $14.00 </td><td>( $380.24 )</td></tr> </table> Analysis of above data: No totala will be attempted, as the data isn't complete. It's value as a snapshot is great, however. Some deductions that can be made. * The director/matron, a husband/wife team (though paid separately) changed from the original A. J. Hylton and wife to B. C. White and wife in May 1897, with B. C. receiving full pay for May and his wife getting 3/4 pay for the month. (She must have either arrived a week later, or at least didn't start working for the first week.) * There seems to be a policy of spreading the purchases around, possibly to avoid charges of favoritism? * State funding, while inevitable, seems to have been sporadic. There are indications that budgets were overspent in both 1896 and 1897. In October 1897, the staff was paid, but not the director and his wife, nor any creditors. The previous year's report listed expenses for November, but not 1897's report. Both year's reports have partial month's payments listed for the previous December. And, as listed directly above, the legislature had to catch up missing payments up for up to 3 years. Repaying operating loans to First National Bank was a common expense. * Purchases include: electricity and light fixtures from the city, coal from a large pool of suppliers, medical support from two doctors. Staff included the director and the matron (for the girls), cooks, overseers, teachers, farm directors, plant operation and maintenence ("Engineers"), night watchmen, dining room superintendents, office staff, nurse, laundress, seamstress, attendance and teamster (some of these positions were short lived). Outside services purchased included: blacksmithing, livery, team, plumbing, medical, carpenter work and surveying. Items purchased include lumber, a saddle, a typewriter, an alarm clock, an iron sign, hay, oats, potatoes, oranges, seeds, letterheads, coal, drugs, meats and the general "merchandise". * Teaching staff in 1897 was more sparse and varied than the previous year. A few of those who served in this role included: Charles B. Eslep, Charles Everett, E. R. Maples, James J. Walker, Lydia Osterbrink, Robert Ridgeway and T. A. Mapes. * Actual job titles frequently varied, especially among seamstress/laundress/cook/dining superintendent and head of farm/irrigation/gardener/foreman (which seemed to change for E. K. Davis every month). == Reports == * [[State Reform School, 1894 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1895 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1896 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1897 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1898 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1899 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1900 Report]] * [[State Reform School, 1902 Report]] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=HhpOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312&lpg=PA312&dq=director+of+miles+city+state+reform+school&source=bl&ots=7WAA1wCiBW&sig=73kXNNmxYQ_Ow2b7KCnqzoYnvlQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2sXAUvLqO-eo2gWUi4CACg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=director%20of%20miles%20city%20state%20reform%20school&f=false 1904 Auditor's Report]
Return to
State Reform School
.
Personal tools
Log in
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
Actions
Search
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Special pages
