View source for Yellowstone River

{{Geobox|River
<!-- *** Name section *** -->  
|name                        = Yellowstone River
|native_name                 = 
|other_name                  = 
|other_name1                 =
<!-- *** Image *** --->
|image                       = YellowstonefallJUN05.JPG
|image_size                  = 
|image_caption               = [[Yellowstone Falls]] in the [[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]]
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
|country                     = United States
|country_flag                = 1
|country1                    =
|state                       = Wyoming
|state1                      = Montana
|state2                      = North Dakota
|state3                      = 
|state_flag                  = 1
|region                      = 
|region1                     =
|district                    = 
|district1                   = 
|city                        = 
|city1                       = 
|city2                       = 
|city3                       = 
|city4                       = 

<!-- *** Geography *** -->
|length_imperial             = 692
|length_note                 = <ref name="GNIS" />
|watershed_imperial          = 70000
|watershed_note              = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/386_flows_of_largest_u_s_rivers.html|title=Flows of Largest U.S. Rivers -- Length, Discharge, and Drainage Area|publisher=U.S. Census}}</ref>
|discharge_location          = Sidney, MT
|discharge_imperial          = 13773
|discharge_round             = 0
|discharge_max_imperial      = 159000
|discharge_max_note = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/peak?site_no=06329500&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|title=USGS Gage #06329500 on the Yellowstone River near Sydney, MT|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|work=National Water Information System|date=1911-present|accessdate=2010-11-19}}</ref>
|discharge_min_imperial      = 3108
|discharge_note              = <ref name="discharge">{{cite web|url=http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/scripts/station_table.php?qual=32&filenum=3189|title=Yellowstone River at Sidney, Montana|publisher=River Discharge Database|work=Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment|date=1996-10-19|accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref>
|discharge1_location         = 
|discharge1_imperial         = 
<!-- *** Source *** -->
|source_name                 = Confluence of North and South Forks
|source_location             = Absaroka Range
|source_district             = 
|source_region               = 
|source_state                = Wyoming
|source_country              = 
|source_lat_d                = 43
|source_lat_m                = 59
|source_lat_s                = 18
|source_lat_NS               = N
|source_long_d               = 109
|source_long_m               = 55
|source_long_s               = 45
|source_long_EW              = W
|source_coordinates_note     =<ref name="GNIS">{{Gnis|1035255|Yellowstone River}}, USGS GNIS</ref>
|source_elevation_imperial   = 
|source_elevation_note       =
|source_length_imperial      = 
<!-- *** Mouth *** -->
|mouth_name                  = Missouri River
|mouth_location              = [[McKenzie County, North Dakota|McKenzie County]], near [[Buford, North Dakota|Buford]]
|mouth_district              = 
|mouth_region                = 
|mouth_state                 = North Dakota
|mouth_country               =
|mouth_lat_d                 = 47
|mouth_lat_m                 = 58
|mouth_lat_s                 = 42
|mouth_lat_NS                = N
|mouth_long_d                = 103
|mouth_long_m                = 58
|mouth_long_s                = 56
|mouth_long_EW               = W
|mouth_coordinates_note      =<ref name="GNIS" />
|mouth_elevation_imperial    =
|mouth_elevation_note        =
<!-- *** Tributaries *** -->
|tributary_left              = Gardner River
|tributary_left1             = Shields River
|tributary_left2             = 
|tributary_left3             = 
|tributary_left4             = 
|tributary_left5             = 
|tributary_right             = Lamar River
|tributary_right1            = [[Boulder River (Sweet Grass County, Montana)|Boulder River]]
|tributary_right2            = [[Stillwater River (Stillwater County, Montana)|Stillwater River]]
|tributary_right3            = Big Horn River
|tributary_right4            = [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue River]]
|tributary_right5            = [[Powder River (Montana)|Powder River]]
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
|free_name                   =  
|free_value                  = 
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
|map                         = YellowstoneRiverMap.jpg
|map_size                    = 
|map_caption                 = Map of the Yellowstone River watershed
}} 

The '''Yellowstone River'''  ([[Assiniboine language|Assiniboine]]: ''ȟeȟága wakpá, įǧų́ǧa wakpá, į́yąǧi wákpa'' <ref>{{Cite web
| title = AISRI Dictionary Database Search--prototype version. Assiniboine. "Montana"
| accessdate = 2012-05-26
| url = http://zia.aisri.indiana.edu/~dictsearch/cgi-bin/testengltoxsrchNP.pl?host=zia&pass=&hasfont=0&srchlang=English&srchstring=river&database=assin&srchtype=AND&sortlang=English&sndformat=ra&maxhits=200&find=Run_Search
}}</ref>) is a [[tributary]] of the [[Missouri River]], approximately {{convert|692|mi|km}} long, in the western [[United States]]. Considered the principal tributary of the upper Missouri, the river and its tributaries drain a wide area stretching from the [[Rocky Mountains]] in the vicinity of the [[Yellowstone National Park]] across the mountains and [[Great Plains|high plains]] of southern [[Montana]] and northern [[Wyoming]].

==Geography==

The river rises in northwestern Wyoming in the [[Absaroka Range]], on the [[Continental Divide]] in southwestern [[Park County, Wyoming|Park County]]. The river starts where the North Fork and the South Fork of the Yellowstone River converge.  The North Fork, the larger of the two forks, flows from [[Younts Peak]]. The South Fork flows from the southern slopes of Thorofare Mountain. The Yellowstone River flows northward through [[Yellowstone National Park]], feeding and draining [[Yellowstone Lake]], then dropping over the Upper and Lower [[Yellowstone Falls]] at the head of the [[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]] within the confines of the park. After passing through the [[Black Canyon of the Yellowstone]] downstream of the Grand Canyon, the river flows northward into Montana between the northern Absaroka Range and the [[Gallatin Range]] in [[Paradise Valley, Montana|Paradise Valley]]. The river emerges from the mountains near the town of [[Livingston, Montana|Livingston]], where it turns eastward and northeastward, flowing across the northern Great Plains past the city of [[Billings, Montana|Billings]].

East of Billings, it is joined by the [[Bighorn River]]. Further downriver, it is joined by the [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue]] near [[Miles City, Montana|Miles City]], and then by the [[Powder River (Montana)|Powder]] in eastern Montana. It flows into the Missouri River near [[Buford, North Dakota]] just upstream from [[Lake Sakakawea]]. 

In Montana the river has been used extensively for [[irrigation]] since the 1860s. In its upper reaches, within Yellowstone Park and the mountains of Montana, it is a popular destination for [[fly fishing]]. The Yellowstone is a Class I river from the Yellowstone National Park boundary to the North Dakota border for the purposes of stream access for recreational purposes.<ref name=StreamAccess>[http://fwp.mt.gov/content/getItem.aspx?id=24929 Stream Access in Montana]</ref>

The division of water rights to the entire Yellowstone River Basin among Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota, governed by a 1950 compact, was disputed in a 2010 lawsuit brought directly in the U.S. Supreme Court by Montana against Wyoming. Oral argument took place in January 2011. On May 2, 2011, the Court held 7-1 (by Justice Thomas, with Justice Scalia dissenting) that Montana had no valid claim for diminution of its water, since Wyoming was irrigating the same acreage as always, albeit by a more modern method that returned less runoff to go downstream to Montana.<ref>http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/137Orig.pdf</ref> (A subsequent 2011 Supreme Court case, in which Montana asserted ownership of Missouri Basin riverbottoms, so as to collect decades of back rent from a hydropower company, is unrelated. On February 22, 2012, Montana lost that case too.)

== History ==

The name is widely believe to have been derived from the [[Hidatsa|Minnetaree]] Indian name ''Mi tse a-da-zi'' (Yellow Rock River) ([[Hidatsa language|Hidatsa]]: ''miʔciiʔriaashiish''').<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Hidatsa Lessons Vocab2
| work = Hidatsa Language Program
| accessdate = 2012-07-17
| url = http://www.neiu.edu/~linguist/hidatsa_lessons_vocab2.html#villages_dwellings_and_towns_i
}}</ref>  Common lore states that the name came from the yellow-colored rocks along the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but the ''Minnetaree'' never lived along the upper stretches of the Yellowstone.  Some scholars think that the river was named after yellow-colored sandstone bluffs on the lower Yellowstone, instead.<ref name="macdonald">{{cite web|url=http://www.yellowstone-online.com/history/yhtwo2.html|title=History of Yellowstone as a Place Name|author=James S. Macdonald Jr.}}</ref>  The [[Crow Nation|Crow Indians]], who lived along the upper Yellowstone in Southern Montana, called it ''E-chee-dick-karsh-ah-shay'' (Elk River).  Translating the Minnetaree name, [[French people|French]] [[animal trapping|trappers]] called the river ''Roche Jaune'' (Yellow Rock), a name used by [[mountain men]] until the mid-19th century.  Independently, [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark]] recorded the English translation of Yellow Stone for the river, after encountering the Minnetaree in 1805.  With expanding settlement by people from the United States, the English name eventually became the most widely used.<ref name="macdonald" /> The river was explored in 1806 by [[William Clark (explorer)|William Clark]] during the return voyage of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]].  [[Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River|Clark's Fork]] of the river was named for him. 

The Yellowstone River had long been an important artery of transportation for [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].  In the 19th century, European-American settlers depended on it as well, entering the region by [[riverboat]].  The region around the Big Horn, Powder and Tongue rivers is the traditional summer hunting grounds for numerous Native American tribes: [[Lakota Sioux]], [[Crow]], [[Cheyenne]] and [[Cree]].  Gold was discovered near [[Virginia City, Montana]] in the 1860s, and two of the primary routes for accessing the gold fields were the [[Bozeman Trail]] and the [[Bridger Trail]] both of which followed the Yellowstone for a short length.  

Native American anger at settler intrusion into the hunting grounds lead to [[Red Cloud's War]].  They settled the conflict with the [[Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868]], by which the US granted the territory of the [[Black Hills]] and the [[Powder River Country]] to the Lakota people.<ref name=bury>*{{cite book
|author=Brown, Dee 
|title=[[Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee]], ch. 6
|publisher=Bantam Books
|year=1970
|isbn=0-553-11979-6
|authorlink=Dee Brown (writer)}}</ref>  This region included the drainages of the Big Horn, Powder and Tongue rivers.  The discovery of gold in 1874 in the Black Hills, however, attracted thousands of miners who invaded the sacred grounds, and conflicts broke out with the Sioux.  

The new competition and violence led to the [[Great Sioux War of 1876-77]].  The US sent in troops to protect the miners, although they had violated the treaty, and to defeat the Sioux.  In 1876, [[John Gibbon|Colonel John Gibbon]] led a column of men from [[Fort Ellis]] near [[Bozeman, Montana]] and traveled down the Yellowstone to meet up with General [[Alfred Terry]]'s  Dakota Column, which had traveled upstream from North Dakota.  Terry formed a base of operations at the mouth of Rosebud Creek on the Yellowstone, but the US miscalculated the strength of the Lakota who had gathered by the thousands along the river.  General [[George Armstrong Custer]] departed from Rosebud Creek with the [[7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|7th Cavalry]] on the expedition that ended in his overwhelming defeat by the Lakota at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]].  The army ferried its survivors down the Yellowstone to [[Fort Abraham Lincoln]] on the Missouri River. 

After the US achieved victory the tribes were forced onto reservations.  The Sioux and allies were forced from eastern Montana and Wyoming: some bands fled to Canada, while others suffered forced removal to distant reservations, primarily in present-day South Dakota and Nebraska west of the Missouri River. Crow warriors had enlisted as scouts with the US Army during the war and the [[Crow Nation|Crow Indian Reservation]] was established in south-central Montana. The [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation]] is  south of the Yellowstone in Montana.  

Many of the early expeditions to the area that would later become Yellowstone National Park traveled along the Yellowstone River, including the [[Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition]] and the [[Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition]].  In the early 1870s, the [[Northern Pacific Railroad]] attempted to extend rail service along the Yellowstone to Livingston from [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], a route proposed to cross the last of the Lakota buffalo hunting grounds.<ref>M. John Lubetkin, ''Jay Cooke's Gamble: The Northern Pacific Railroad, the Sioux, and the Panic of 1873'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006).</ref>  This route was finally completed in 1883.  By the early 20th century, Northern Pacific was providing train service along the river to the north entrance of the park near Gardiner.

==2011 oil spill==
An [[ExxonMobil]] pipeline which runs from Silver Tip, to [[Billings, Montana]] ruptured about 10 miles west of Billings on July 1, 2011 at about 10:40pm.<ref name="DoT PHMSA OPS Report">[http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Other%20files/ExxonMobil_HL_MT_10-2012.pdf] October 30, 2012</ref> The resulting spill leaked an estimated 1,500 barrels of oil into the Yellowstone River (equivalent to 63,000 gallons) for 56 minutes before it was shut down.<ref name="DoT PHMSA OPS Report">[http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Other%20files/ExxonMobil_HL_MT_10-2012.pdf] October 30, 2012</ref>

As a precaution against a possible explosion, officials in [[Laurel, Montana]] evacuated about 140 people on Saturday just after midnight, then allowed them to return at 4 a.m <ref name="NYT-July-11">[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/03/us/03oilspill.html Ruptured Pipeline Spills Oil Into Yellowstone River] New York Times, July 2, 2011</ref>

[[Montana]] [[List of Governors of Montana|Governor]] [[Brian Schweitzer]] stated that "The parties responsible will restore the Yellowstone River".<ref name="HS3-jul-11">[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/spill-sends-40km-oil-slick-into-river/story-e6frf7jx-1226086642772 Spill sends 40km oil slick into river] Herald Sun July 3, 2011</ref>

==Angling the Yellowstone==
The Yellowstone River is considered to be one of the greatest [[trout]] streams of the world<ref>{{cite book |last=Ross |first=John |title=Trout Unlimited's Guide to America's Best 100 Trout Streams in|publisher=Globe Pequot Press |location=Guidford, CT |isbn= |pages=218–20, 232–35 |year=1999 }}</ref> and is officially classed as a [[Blue Ribbon fisheries|blue ribbon]] stream in Montana from the park to the confluence with the [[Boulder River (Sweet Grass County, Montana)|Boulder river]] east of Livingston and from the mouth of Rosebud creek near Rosebud, Montana to the North Dakota border.<ref>[http://fwp.mt.gov/FwpPaperApps/fishing/class1and2.pdf Montana Blue and Red Ribbon streams]</ref> The lack of dams along the river provides for excellent trout habitat from high inside Yellowstone Park, downstream through [[Gardiner, Montana|Gardiner]], the Paradise Valley, Livingston, and to [[Big Timber, Montana|Big Timber]], a stretch of nearly {{convert|200|mi|km}}. The Yellowstone varies in width from {{convert|74|ft|m}} to {{convert|300|ft|m}}, so fishing is normally done by boat.  The most productive stretch of water is through Paradise Valley in Montana, especially near Livingston which produces 
[[brown trout]], [[rainbow trout]] and native [[cutthroat trout]] as well as Rocky Mountain [[freshwater whitefish|whitefish]].  From Billings downstream to the North Dakota border, anglers seek [[Burbot]], [[Channel catfish]], [[American paddlefish|Paddlefish]], [[Sauger]], [[Smallmouth bass]], and [[Walleye]].<ref>[http://fwp.mt.gov/fishing/guide/q_Yellowstone_River__1039825479787_374.709991455078_558.820007324219.aspx Montana Fish and Wildlife Fishing Guide-Yellowstone River]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Walinchus |first=Rod |coauthors=Travis, Tom |title=Fly Fishing The Yellowstone River |publisher=Pruett Publishing |location=Boulder, CO |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=0-87108-861-4 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" width=15%|
! align="center"|Yellowstone Lake to Yellowstone Falls
|-
|[[File:Yellowstone-River-Fishing-Bridge-1959.jpg|none|thumb|Yellowstone River, Fishing Bridge, July 1959.]]
|The river inside Yellowstone National Park provides accessible flat water fishing and abundant [[Yellowstone cutthroat trout]]. The portion of the river through the Hayden Valley is closed all year long, but the rest is accessible and easily wadable.  No floating is allowed.  Numerous insect hatches occur following the opening of the river on July 15 providing anglers the opportunity to try numerous [[Artificial fly|artificial flies]] including Pale Morning Duns, Green Drakes, Gray Drakes, Caddis and salmonflies. 
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|[[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]] and [[Black Canyon of the Yellowstone]]
|-
|[[File:Black Canyon of the Yellowstone Near Gardiner Montana.jpg|thumb|none|Black Canyon of the Yellowstone near Gardiner, MT]]
|The canyon reaches inside Yellowstone National Park are accessible only by hiking or horseback. The river here is usually quite swift, with sheer canyon walls in spots.  Below Knowles Falls, about four miles upstream from Gardiner, anglers will find browns and whitefish in addition to the rainbows and cutthroat trout.
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|[[Gardiner, Montana|Gardiner]] to Yankee Jim Canyon
|-
|[[File:YellowstoneRiverNearYankeeJimCanyon.jpg|thumb|none|Just south of Yankee Jim Canyon]]
| This section of the Yellowstone holds a good population of medium-sized rainbow and cutthroat trout, with a few big browns as well. The first half of this section from Gardiner to the bridge at Corwin Springs is mostly fast water, with some class II and III white water. From Corwin Springs to Yankee Jim Canyon, the river flattens out substantially and gives the angler more time to cast to fish along the banks.
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Yankee Jim Canyon
|-
|[[File:YankeeJimCanyonYellowstoneRiver2010.jpg|thumb|left|Upper Yankee Jim Canyon]]
|Yankee Jim Canyon is the Yellowstone's best white water, with several major rapids. Steep canyon walls make it a difficult stretch to fish. Because of the potential danger floating the Canyon many commercial fishing guides do not float this stretch, though recreational floaters are common.

 |-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Tom Miner Bridge to [[Emigrant, Montana|Emigrant]]
|-
|[[File:Yellowstone River, flowing through Paradise Valley.jpg|thumb|left|Yellowstone River near Emigrant]]
|From the Tom Miner Bridge (or the Carbella access just downstream) down to Point of Rocks, there is some excellent water, lots of fast pocket water with several nice pools. Once the river reaches the Point of Rocks, the gradient decreases substantially and the river turns into slower, longer pools.
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Emigrant to Mallard's Rest
|-
|[[File:Drift Boat Fly Fishing on Yellowstone River Near Grey Owl.jpg|thumb|left|Drift Boat Fly Fishing on the Yellowstone near Grey Owl]]
|Just downstream from Emigrant is Grey Owl, one of the best fishing access points on the river. From here down to Mallard's Rest there is a pleasant mix of big pools and large browns and rainbows.
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Mallard's Rest to Carter's Bridge
|-
|[[File:ArmstrongSpringCreekJanuary2008.jpg|thumb|none|Armstrong Spring Creek near Mallard's Rest]]
|This section of river known as [[Paradise Valley, Montana|Paradise Valley]] provides some of the most spectacular scenery on the Yellowstone, along with some of the best fishing. The scenery is dominated by the [[Absaroka Mountains]] to the east and the [[Gallatin Mountains]] to the west.   Along this stretch numerous [[spring creek]]s flow into the river, many of which are blue ribbon trout streams in their own right, such as [[DePuy Spring Creek]]. Rainbows dominate this part of the river, but browns can be found here also.
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Carter's Bridge to Highway 89 Bridge
|-
|[[File:YellowstoneRiverCartersBridge.jpg|thumb|none|Winter Ice Near Carter's Bridge, January 2008]]
|Because the Yellowstone flows right through Livingston between these points, this is known as the "town stretch". Given the presence of the upstream spring creeks for spawning, this reach of fast water is ideal habitat for rainbows which make up most of the population here. The use of a drift boat is the best way to access this stretch, though there are some good access points for walking and wading as well. 
|-
! width=15%|
! align="center"|Highway 89 Bridge to Big Timber
|-
|
|This section starts about five miles to the east of Livingston, just off Interstate 90, where Highway 89 turns north, toward White Sulphur Springs. This lower river, from here on down through Big Timber is similar to the water around Livingston, but the riffles and pools are farther apart so there is more unproductive water. The fish populations are not as high as in the upper river and water through town, but there are some very large rainbows and browns to be caught in this stretch. In late summer, wind gusting across hayfields blows a lot of [[grasshopper]]s in the river which creates explosive reactions from big fish.
|-
|}

==Advocates==
* '''Yellowstone River Conservation District Council''' - The council’s purpose is to provide local leadership, assistance, and guidance for the wise use and conservation of the Yellowstone River’s natural resources.<ref>[http://dnrc.mt.gov/cardd/yellowstonerivercouncil/default.asp Yellowstone River Conservation District Council website]</ref>
* '''Trout Unlimited''' — [[Trout Unlimited]]'s mission is to conserve, protect and restore North America's coldwater fisheries and their [[Drainage basin|watersheds]].<ref>[http://www.tu.org Trout Unlimited website]</ref>
* '''Western Watersheds Project''' — The mission of Western Watersheds Project is to protect and restore western watersheds and wildlife through education, public policy initiatives and litigation.<ref>[http://www.westernwatersheds.org Western Watersheds Project website]</ref>
* '''Montana River Action''' — The clean flowing waters of Montana belong to the people and are held in trust by the State for a pollution-free healthful environment guaranteed by our Montana Constitution. Montana River Action's mission is to protect and restore rivers, streams and other water bodies.<ref>[http://www.montanariveraction.org/index.html Montana River Action Website]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Angling in Yellowstone National Park]]
* [[Fishes of Yellowstone National Park]]
* [[Montana Stream Access Law]]
* [[List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)]]
* [[List of Wyoming rivers]]
* [[List of rivers of Montana]]
* [[List of North Dakota rivers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Brooks |first=Charles E. |title=Fishing Yellowstone Waters |publisher=New Win Publishing Inc. |location=Clinton, NJ |year=1984 |isbn=0-8329-0353-1 }}
* {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Dave |title=The Yellowstone River and its Angling |publisher=Frank Amato Publications |location=Portland, OR |year=1992 |isbn=1-878175-23-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Walinchus |first=Rod |coauthors=Travis, Tom |title=Fly Fishing The Yellowstone River |publisher=Pruett Publishing |location=Boulder, CO |year=1995 |isbn=0-87108-861-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Holt |first=John |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Montana Fly-Fishing Guide-East |year=1996 |publisher=The Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |isbn=1-58574-529-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Craig |coauthors=Molinero, Clayton |title=The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide-A authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park |publisher=The Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |year=1997 |isbn=1-55821-545-X }}
* {{cite book |last=Parks |first=Richard |authorlink=Parks' Fly Shop |title=Fishing Yellowstone Waters |publisher=Falcon Publishing |location=Guilford, CT |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-56044-625-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Graetz |first=Rick |coauthors=Graetz, Susie |title=Montana's Yellowstone River - From the Teton Wilderness to the Missouri |publisher=Northern Rockies Publishing |location=Helena, MT |year=2002 |isbn=1-891152-16-5 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Gordon |title=Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers |year=2008 |publisher=The Countryman Press |location=Woodstock, VT |isbn=978-0-88150-679-2}}

{{Commons category|Yellowstone River}}
== External links ==
*[http://endangered.fws.gov/uppermo.html Fish and Wildlife Service: Upper Missouri River and Yellowstone]
*[http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/yellowstone.html USGS Site: Lewis and Clark Expedition]
*[http://nris.state.mt.us/yellowstone/UpperYel/document/user.html State of Montana: Yellowstone River Physical Features Inventory]
*[http://nris.state.mt.us/yellowstone/LowerYel/LowerYelPhotos.html State of Montana: Lower Yellowstone Corridor Physical Features Inventory]

{{fly fishing waters}}
{{Lake (Yellowstone)}}
{{Tower Roosevelt}}
{{Mammoth Hot Springs}}
{{Montana}}
{{North Dakota}}
{{Wyoming}}

[[Category:Rivers of Yellowstone National Park]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Yellowstone River| 01]]
[[Category:Rivers of Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of North Dakota]]
[[Category:Rivers of Wyoming]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Missouri River]]
[[Category:Landforms of Stillwater County, Montana]]
[[Category:Landforms of Sweet Grass County, Montana]]